China and the West

Pound, Ezra. A few don'ts by an Imagiste. In : Poetry ; vol. 1, no 6 (March 1913).
"An 'Image' is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time. It is the presentation of such a 'complex' instantaneously which gives the sense of freedom from time limits and space limits ; that sense of sudden growth, which we experience in the presence of the greatest work of art."
1. Direct treatment of the 'thing', whether subjective or objective.
2. To use absolutely no word that did not contribute to the presentation.
3. As regarding rhythm : to compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome.

Ezra Pound received Ernest Fenollosa's 21 notebooks from Mary Fenollosa.
Contents :
1. No plays.
2. Notes to Chinese lessons.
3. Notes to Chinese lessons.
4. Chinese thoughts.
5. Intermediate Chinese lessons.
6. Chinese and Japanese poetry : abstracts and lectures.
7. Chinese poetry : lectures by Professors Hirai and Shida.
8. Chinese poetry : Qu Yuan.
9-12. Chinese poetry : lectures by Professor Mori.
12. Chinese poetry : notes.
13. Chinese poetry : notes and translations.
14.-21. : Chinese poetry : notes and translation.

Yeats, W.B. Introduction. Tagore, Rabindranath. Gitanjali : song offerings. By Rabindranath Tagore. A collection of prose translations made by the author from the original Bengali ; with an introduction by W.B. Yeats. (London : Macmillan, 1913). http://terebess.hu/english/tagore.html.
"I said, 'In the East you know how to keep a family illustrious. The other day the curator of a museum pointed out to me a little dark-skinned man who was arranging their Chinese prints and said, 'That is the hereditary connoisseur of the Mikado, he is the fourteenth of his family to hold the post'… Flowers and rivers, the blowing of conch shells, the heavy rain of the Indian July, or the moods of that heart in union or in separation; and a man sitting in a boat upon a river playing lute, like one of those figures full of mysterious meaning in a Chinese picture, is God Himself…"

Stein, Gerturde. Works.
1913
Stein, Gertrude. Old and old.
"Go in pour the chain for it full of China. Full of china choice up. Full of china crossed in. Full of China. Full of chin that has china. Chin and china. China."

1914
Stein, Gertrude. Tender buttons : objects, food, rooms. (New York, N.Y. : Claire Marie, 1914). [Geschrieben 1912].
Cooking
"Alas, alas the pull alas the bell alas the coach in china, alas the little put in leaf also the wedding butter meat, alas the receptacle, alas the back shape of mussle, mussle and soda."
Food. A centre in a table.
"It was a way a day, this made some sum. Suppose a cod liver a cod liver is an oil, suppose a cod liver oil is tunny, suppose a cod liver oil tunny is pressed suppose a cod liver oil tunny pressed is china and secret with a bestow a bestow reed, a reed to be a reed to be, in a reed to be."
Rooms
"A little lingering lion and a Chinese chair, all the handsome cheese which is stone, all of it and a choice, a choice of a blotter."
"China is not down when there are plates, lights are not ponderous and incalculable."
Alike and a snail, this means Chinamen, it does there is no doubt that to be right is more than perfect there is no doubt and glass is confusing it confuses the substance which was a color."
"China is not down when there are plates, lights are not ponderous and incalculable."

1922
Stein, Gertrude. If you had three husbands. Their end. In : Broom ; vol. 1, no. 3 (Jan. 1922).
"Ornaments.
And china.
It isn’t at all."

1922
Stein, Gertrude. Lend a hand or four religions. MS notebook III.
"She attaches it or in that way kneeling in a way in that way, in that way kneeling and being a chinese Christian meditatively."
"At first she had always thought she had always fought for the religion and she was kneeling there where the water was flowing and she was a chinese Christian and she could furnish a house as well and the meadows were for men and the orange trees pass and are inclosed with glass."
"Is there a stable there and are there chinese Christians not to stare but to kneel in prayer there where the water is flowing…"

1922
Stein, Gertrude. Geography and plays. (Boston : Four Seas Company, 1922).
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/33403/33403-h/33403-h.htm.
Sacred Emily
Next to barber.
Next to barber bury.
Next to barber bury china.
Next to barber bury china glass.
Next to barber china and glass.
Next to barber and china.
Next to barber and hurry.
Next to hurry.
Next to hurry and glass and china.
Next to hurry and glass and hurry.
Next to hurry and hurry.
Next to hurry and hurry.

He said it
"Some people like a strong odor like china lilies or almond flowers or even tube-roses. I like them very much. I like them all very much. Do you."
Their end
Why have they pots.
Ornaments.
And china.

Reflections
"China. Whenever he went to the colonies his sister was hurt in an automobile accident. This did not mean that she suffered."

Scenes. Actions and disposition of relations and positions
"All the time is dark and there is a light and the time to think is the time to paint and the grey blue purple is the red rose color and the pink white cover is the fine broken china."
"So much persistance, so much elbow place, so much single authority and able china, so much more and a cold bigger, that means that there is thieves.
To be so particular shows that there is a difference in copying and copying is copying a picture, and copying is copying a piece of sugar, and copying is copying china."

Mexico : a play
"Who has neglected Chinese lillies."

The king or something
"Can you think about me.
Do you think about the Chinese."

1929
Stein, Gertrude. An instant answer or a hundred prominent men. In : transition 13 (Summer 1929). [Geschrieben 1922].
"How do the hours come to be longer. Longer than what, longer than English French, Italian, North and South American Japanese and Chinese."

1932
Stein, Gertrude. Four saints in three acts. In : Stein, Gertrude. Operas and plays. (Paris : Plain ed., 1932). [Geschrieben 1929].
"If it were possible to kill five thousand chinamen by pressing a button would it be done."

1933
Stein, Gertrude. The autobiography of Alice B. Toklas [ID D30410].
"I gave Fernande [Olivier] a chinese gown from San Francisco and Pablo [Picasso] gave me a lovely drawing."
"He [Andrew Green] had a prodigious memory and could recite all of Milton's Paradise lost by heart and also all the translations of chinese poems of which Gertrude Stein was very fond. He had been in China and he was later to live permanently in the South Sea islands…"
"After that she [Ellen La Motte] and Emily Chadbourne went to China and after that became leaders of the anti-opium campaign."
"Some lower their voices, some raise them, some get an English accent, some even get a german accent, some drawl, some speak in a very high tense voice, and some go chinese or Spanish and do not move the lips."
"It was wet and dark and there were a few people, one did not know whether they were chinamen or Europeans."

1935
Stein, Gertrude. The gradual making of Americans. In : Stein, Gertrude. Lectures in America. (New York, N.Y. : Random House, 1935).
"And so The Making of Americans has been done. It must be remembered that whether they are Chinamen or Americans there are the same kinds of men and women and one can describe all the kinds of them. This I might have done."

1936
Stein, Getrude. The geographical history of America ; or, The relation of human nature to the human mind. (New York, N.Y. : Random House, 1936).
"In china china is not china it is an earthen ware. In China there is no need of China because in China china is china. All who liked china like china and have china. China in America like china in America and all who like china in America do not like to have china in china be an earthen ware. Therefore it is not."

1937
Stein, Gertrude. Everybody's autobiography. (New York, N.Y. : Random House, 1937).
"We have Chinese servants now and sometimes the name they say they are has nothing to do with what they are they may have borrowed or gambled away their reference and they seem to be there or not there as well with my name and anyway the Oriental, and perhaps a name there is not a name, is invading the Western world."
"But of course Saint Therese was not interested she was building convents in Spain why should she be interested in Chinamen."
"It is trouble-some, not counting, anybody can count, even if like the Spanish women and Chinamen they count with pebbles what is troublesome is religion when counting gets to be religion it gets to be troublesome."
"Fathers are depressing and China was more a land of mothers than it was a land of fathers."
"That has of course nothing to do with Trac although Thornton Wilder's childhood was passed in China."
"… a Chinese boy probably from the island of Hanau went away first day."
"… he said the one the only thing that has always worried me was an old Negro who was killed right near that Chinese corner."
"After all the natural way to count is not that one and one make two but to go on counting by one and one as Chinamen do as anybody does as Spaniards do."
"Action is now a Chinamen, he has been teaching in China a long time and I imagine he really look and feel like a Chinaman some people can and he will and does and can."

William Henry Donald ist Direktor des Bureau of Economic Information in Beijing.

Woolf, Virginia. Chinese stories. In : Times literary supplement ; 1 May (1913). In : The essays of Virginia Woolf. (London : Hogarth Press, 1986-2011). Vol. 2.
Review of P'u Sung-ling [Pu Songling]. Strange stories from the lodge of leisures. [ID D31533].
According to Mr George Soulié, the translator of these stories, we seriously mistake the nature of the ordinary Chinaman if we imagine him any more exclusively occupied with the great classics of his literature than we are with ours. If we see him with a book in his hand it is likely to be 'a novel like the History of the Three Kingdoms or a selection of ghost stories'. Like us they have a hunger for novels and stories, which they read over and over again, so that, although in the West nothing is known about it, the influence of such light literature upon the Chinese mind 'is much greater than the whole bulk of the classics'. They may resemble us in their craving for something lighter, nearer to the life they know than the old and famous books, but in all else how different they are! The twenty-five stories in Strange Stories from the Lodge of Leisure, translated from the Chinese by George Soulié, were written in the second half of the eighteenth century by P'ou Song-Lin, at a time, that is, when with Fielding and Richardson our fiction was becoming increasingly robust and realistic. To give any idea of the slightness and queerness of these stories one must compare them to dreams, or the airy, fantastic, and inconsequent flight of a butterfly. They skim from world to world, from life to death. The people they describe may kill each other and die, but we cannot believe either in their blood or in their dissolution. The barriers against which we in the West beat our hands in vain are for them almost as transparent as glass. 
"Some people (one of the stories begins) remember every incident of their former existences; it is a fact which many examples can prove. Other people do not forget what they learned before they died and were born again, but remember only confusedly what they were in a precedent life. Wang, the acceptable of the yellow peach-blossom city, when people discussed such questions before him used to narrate the experience he had had with his first son."
And the story which occupies three little pages tells how a boy had once been born a student, then a donkey, and then a boy again. Very often these stories are like the stories a child will tell of a sight which has touched its imagination for no reason that we can discover, lacking in point where we expect the point to come, suddenly breaking off and done with, but somehow memorable. Or it may be they are extravagantly sensational, or of the nature of fairy stories, where all is miraculously set right in the end, or again purposeless and callous as a child's stories, the good man being killed merely to make an end. But they all alike have a quality of fantasy and spirituality which sometimes, as in 'The Spirit of the River' or 'The River of Sorrows', becomes of real beauty, and is greatly enhanced by the unfamiliar surroundings and exquisite dress. Take, for example, the following description of a Chinese ghost:
"He went farther and farther: the moving lights were rarer; ere long he only saw before him the fire of a white lantern decorated with two red peonies. The paper globe was swinging to the steps of a tiny girl clothed in the blue linen that only slaves wore. The light behind showed the elegant silhouette of another woman, this one covered with a long jacket made in a rich pink silk edged with purple. As the student drew nearer the belated walker turned round, showing an oval face and big long eyes wherein shone a bright speck cruel and mysterious."
So queer and topsy-turvy is the atmosphere of these little stories that one feels, when one has read a number of them, much as if one had been trying to walk over the bridge in a willow pattern plate.

Archibald Rose ist Commercial Attaché des britischen Konsulats in Shanghai.

Letter from Roger Fry to G. Lowes Dickinson ; Paris, 1 June, 1913.
The East is thoroughly ransacked by arts dealers and… one can learn more about the best things in Paris than in Beijing. I've just seen a show in Paris full of the most amazing things among them the fineset Wei dynasty statues from somewhere away in the West of China as fine as any ever done. The Chinese pictures Bob's got aren't much (tho' they're pleasant pretty things) but it's evident that the really big things are never accessible. The Chinese know too much about it for that.

Yan Huiqing ist Gesandter der chinesischen Gesandtschaft in Berlin.

Fritz Max Weiss reist mit seiner Frau nach Ebian und Mabian (Sichuan).

Amy Lowell and China : general
[Amy Lowell hat unzählige Bücher betreffend China gelesen, aber eine Liste ist nicht auffindbar].
Bushell, Stephen. Description of Chinese pottery and porcelain [ID D21527].
Fletcher, John Gould. Goblins and pagodas [ID D32321].
Julien, Stanislas. Histoire et fabrication de la porcelain chinoise [ID D5236].
Pound, Ezra. Cathay [ID D29059].
One hundred and seventy Chinese poems. Translated by Arthur Waley [ID D8884].

Amy Lowell went to London, where she fell in with a group of writers who were then cultivating an acquaintance with Chinese and Japanese poetry and art, under the influence of British scholars.

Baring, Maurice. Lost diaries. (London : Duckworth & Co., 1913).
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42542/42542-0.txt.
Little wind, or calm, all day. Send-off very fine; but now that we have started wonder whether I have been wise after all. Wonder whether we shall reach Western India and China…
The doctor, who has always scoffed at the idea of the sea serpent, which, he said, was a travellers' tale (adding, sarcastically, and, I think, very inconsiderately, "like the western passage to China"), was silent all the evening…
Expect to reach China in ten days' time, should the weather be favourable. Officers and ship's company in decidedly less good spirits since the foggy weather began. Sea serpent incident also caused a good deal of disappointment, the men being convinced we had reached the coast of China, although I had repeatedly explained that we could not possibly make that land for some time yet…
Confess am disappointed; wonder whether there is such a country as China after all…
He said at dinner yesterday that we might come home by the Nile, as we should certainly encounter its source in China…
Feel certain we cannot be near China or India. Unfortunately, my conviction, which I have never expressed, is shared by the ship's company, who showed signs of positive mutiny to-day…
The land is, of course, the coast of China. I always said it was somewhere about here…
Hoisted Spanish flag; took possession of the country, which seems to be India, and not China, after all…

London, Jack. John Barleycorn. (New York, N.Y. : The Century Co., 1913).
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/318/318.txt
One thing that had strongly impressed my young mind was the talk of my elders about the dens of iniquity in San Francisco's Chinatown. In my delirium I wandered deep beneath the ground through a thousand of these dens, and behind locked doors of iron I suffered and died a thousand deaths. And when I would come upon my father, seated at table in these subterranean crypts, gambling with Chinese for great stakes of gold, all my outrage gave vent in the vilest cursing. I would rise in bed, struggling against the detaining hands, and curse my father till the rafters rang. All the inconceivable filth a child running at large in a primitive countryside may hear men utter was mine; and though I had never dared utter such oaths, they now poured from me, at the top of my lungs, as I cursed my father sitting there underground and gambling with long-haired, long-nailed Chinamen…
I nod my head--Liu Ling, a hard drinker, one of the group of bibulous poets who called themselves the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove and who lived in China many an ancient century ago. "It was Liu Ling," prompts the White Logic, "who declared that to a drunken man the affairs of this world appear but as so much duckweed on a river. Very well. Have another Scotch, and let semblance and deception become duck-weed on a river." And while I pour and sip my Scotch, I remember another Chinese philosopher, Chuang Tzu, who, four centuries before Christ, challenged this dreamland of the world, saying: "How then do I know but that the dead repent of having previously clung to life? Those who dream of the banquet, wake to lamentation and sorrow. Those who dream of lamentation and sorrow, wake to join the hunt. While they dream, they do not know that they dream. Some will even interpret the very dream they are dreaming; and only when they awake do they know it was a dream....
Fools think they are awake now, and flatter themselves they know if they are really princes or peasants. Confucius and you are both dreams; and I who say you are dreams--I am but a dream myself. "Once upon a time, I, Chuang Tzu, dreamt I was a butterfly, fluttering hither and thither, to all intents and purposes a butterfly. I was conscious only of following my fancies as a butterfly, and was unconscious of my individuality as a man. Suddenly, I awaked, and there I lay, myself again. Now I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man."…
The way to stop drinking is to stop it. The way China stopped the general use of opium was by stopping the cultivation and importation of opium. The philosophers, priests, and doctors of China could have preached themselves breathless against opium for a thousand years, and the use of opium, so long as opium was ever accessible and obtainable, would have continued unabated. We are so made, that is all…

London, Jack. The night-born. (New York, N.Y. : The Century Co., 1913).
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1029/1029.txt
"That's what took me off my feet--her eyes--blue, not China blue, but deep blue, like the sea and sky all melted into one, and very wise…
"I heard you lived all alone with a Chinaman for cook, and it looked good to me. Only I didn't break in…
In the bungalow at Mill Valley he lived alone, save for Lee Sing, the Chinese cook and factotum, who knew much about the strangeness of his master, who was paid well for saying nothing, and who never did say anything…
Chinese and Japanese shops and dens abounded, all confusedly intermingled with low white resorts and boozing dens. This quiet street of his youth had become the toughest quarter of the city…
A Japanese served as cook, and a Chinese as cabin boy…
They were all guilty, from young Ardmore, a pink cherub of nineteen outward bound for some clerkship in the Consular Service, to old Captain Bentley, grizzled and sea-worn, and as emotional, to look at, as a Chinese joss…

London, Jack. The valley of the moon. (New York, N.Y. : Macmillan, 1913).
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1449/1449.txt
Once, she even considered taking up with hand-painted china, but gave over the idea when she learned its expensiveness…
It must be like markin' China lottery tickets. He plays hunches. He looks at a guy an' waits for a spot or a number to come into his head…
An' the Golden Gate! There's the Pacific Ocean beyond, and China, an' Japan, an' India, an'... an' all the coral islands…
China's over there, an' in between's a mighty lot of salt water that's no good for farmin' purposes."…
As Saxon went up the narrow, flower-bordered walk, she noted two men at work among the vegetables--one an old Chinese, the other old and of some dark-eyed foreign breed…
And Mr. John Chinaman owns them. They ship fifteen thousand barrels of cider and vinegar each year."…
"I was just telling your husband about the way the Chinese make things go up the San Joaquin river…
Also, he was in debt three hundred dollars to the Six Companies--you know, they're Chinese affairs. And, remember, this was only seven years ago--health breaking down, three hundred in debt, and no trade. Chow Lam blew into Stockton and got a job on the peat lands at day's wages. It was a Chinese company, down on Middle River, that farmed celery and asparagus. This was when he got onto himself and took stock of himself. A quarter of a century in the United States, back not so strong as it used to was, and not a penny laid by for his return to China. He saw how the Chinese in the company had done it--saved their wages and bought a share…
He was only a coolie, and he smuggled himself into the United States twenty years ago. Started at day's wages, then peddled vegetables in a couple of baskets slung on a stick, and after that opened up a store in Chinatown in San Francisco. But he had a head on him, and he was soon onto the curves of the Chinese farmers that dealt at his store…
Trust a Chinaman to know the market…
I'll tell you one thing, though--give me the Chinese to deal with. He's honest…
Mr. John Chinaman goes him one better, and grows two crops at one time on the same soil…
The conversation with Gunston lasted hours, and the more he talked of the Chinese and their farming ways the more Saxon became aware of a growing dissatisfaction…
Billy picked out the bookkeepers and foremen for Americans. All the rest were Greeks, Italians, and Chinese…
"It's become a profession," Hastings went on. "The 'movers.' They lease, clean out and gut a place in several years, and then move on. They're not like the foreigners, the Chinese, and Japanese, and the rest…
They encountered--sometimes in whole villages--Chinese, Japanese, Italians, Portuguese, Swiss, Hindus, Koreans, Norwegians, Danes, French, Armenians, Slavs, almost every nationality save American…
Yet two thriving towns were in Walnut Grove, one Chinese, one Japanese. Most of the land was owned by Americans, who lived away from it and were continually selling it to the foreigners…
They lingered in the hop-fields on the rich bottoms, where Billy scorned to pick hops alongside of Indians, Japanese, and Chinese…
There are plenty of Chinese and Italians there, and they are the best truck-farmers…
When your two come--of course you will pay them fair wages--and we'll make sure they're the same nationality, either Chinese or Italians—well…
A fellow could live in the city a thousan' years an' not get such chances. It beats China lottery."…
The convicts paroled were Chinese. Both had served long in prison, and were old men; but the day's work they were habitually capable of won Mrs. Mortimer's approval. Gow Yum, twenty years before, had had charge of the vegetable garden of one of the great Menlo Park estates. His disaster had come in the form of a fight over a game of fan tan in the Chinese quarter at Redwood City. His companion, Chan Chi, had been a hatchet-man of note, in the old fighting days of the San Francisco tongs…
The taking of a single drink of liquor would provoke that hand to close down and jerk them back to prison-cells. Nor had they freedom of movement. When old Gow Yum needed to go to San Francisco to sign certain papers before the Chinese Consul, permission had first to be obtained from San Quentin…
Also she was devoid of fear, and, according to Billy, could settle the hash of both Chinese with one of her mighty arms…
Gow Yum and Chan Chi, under enormous Chinese grass hats, were planting green onions…

Thomas Scott ist Headmaster of the Church of England School in Beijing.

Sun, Yuxiu. Ou mei xiao shuo cong tan [ID D35025].
Sun compared Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, and Shakespeare, and concluded : "Fielding's works only had a few ardent admirers and Richardson was fashionable in a particular historical period, but Shakespeare alone is of all ages and of all nations."
Sun treated Samuel Hawthorne as "a second-class novelist to Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper". He ranked The scarlet letter as a firs-class American novel because "its theme was high and its diction war rich".

Karl Ludvig Reichelt ist Lehrer an der Priesterschule in Shekou.

Kuropatkin, A[lexei] N[ikolayevich]. Russko-Kitaiskii vopros [ID D37388].
"A yellow peril threatens Russia…Without waiting for China to develop an offensive capability against Russia, the right and duty of Russia is likewise obvious to occupy straightaway those Asian positions, which would enable her not only to save for unborn generations their birthright in Asia acquired two hundred years ago, but also to guarantee success in the likely war between the yellow race and the white race when that struggle arises."