HomeChronology EntriesDocumentsPeopleLogin

Chronology Entry

Year

1979

Text

Interview : Zhang Shenfu and Vera Schwarcz about Bertrand Russell.
Zhang Shenfu : I believe I understand Russell. Maybe I am the only one in China who really does. Russell himself did not understand Confucius. But, in fact his thought is very close to Confucius. I see this similarity even if nobody else does. Even if Russell were to deny it. My philosophy brings them together. I am like a bridge (qiao liang), you might say. Among all philosophers I have read, and there have been so many, those two are the ones I respect and admire the most.
I did not invite Russell to China – Liang Qichao did. I did not translate his public lectures. Zhao Yuanren, an American-educated young man, did. I did not even translate Russell's lecture notes. A member of the New Tide Society, Sun Fuyuan did. I was not even involved in the founding of the Chinese 'Russell Society' in 1921. I had already gone to France. Your friend does not tell my story but that of others who stayed on in China after I left. I did something else, something maybe more important. I translated Russell's philosophy. I introduced him to Chinese readers as an important modern thinker. I think I set the stage for informed appreciation.
I was the first to translate most of Russell's key texts into Chinese. Others followed with longer books, more technical works. But I introduced all the key phrases, all the key themes. I was the first to notice and to emphasize what was new in Russell's thought. For example, I was the first to emphasize the concept of philosophy as 'the science of the possible' – though I am not sure where this concept appears in Russell's works. I was also the first to translate and interpret the logical concept of 'gui lun' – from the English 'falsification' – which is fundamental for all of logical analysis. I also translated the concept of 'analysis' very differently from all others. I used the Chinese term 'jie xi' instead of the more commonly used 'fen xi'. Why, you wonder ? Because I believe 'jie xi' is more logical. It also sounds more new somehow. 'Fen xi' suggests something being cut up. Scattered, severed – as if by one blow. 'Jie xi', by contrast is not so simple. How is it more complex, you ask ? I feel that there are many more steps involved in 'jie xi'. When something is subjected to logical analysis, it is a slow, systematic operation. 'Fen xi' was widely accepted as a synonym for 'analysis' when I began my work on Russell. But I did not think it conveys the full implications of Russell's thought. It was too simple. So I made an innovation through translation. Maybe this is my most important contribution to clarifying Russell's work in twentieth-century China.
But Russell, you see, ended up so one-sided in his philosophical outlook. His philosophy is useful in seeing only discrete parts of a problem. I wanted to think about the whole. In many ways Russell was biased. He opposed materialism. But materialism and idealism are just wo sides of the same coin. Materialism does not see the heart (or 'mind', xin) while idealism fails to appreciate outward realities. My own philosophy seeks for a more comprehensive view of experience, for a more thorough realism, for an expansive objectivity. So I went back to certain ideas in Chinese philosophy – especially to the Confucian notions of 'ren' (tolerance, humanism) and 'zhong' (the unprejudiced golden mean).

Mentioned People (3)

Russell, Bertrand  (Trelleck, Monmouthsire 1872-1970 Plas Penrhyn bei Penrhyndeudraeth, Wales) : Philosoph, Logistiker, Mathematiker, Literaturnobelpreisträger ; Dozent Cambridge, Oxford, London, Harvard University, Chicago, Los Angeles, Beijing

Schwarcz, Vera  (Rumänien 1947-) : Mansfield Freeman Professor of East Asian Studies, Wesleyan University, Middletown Ct.

Zhang, Shenfu  (1893-1986) : Mitbegründer der Kommunistischen Partei

Subjects

Philosophy : Europe : Great Britain

Documents (1)

# Year Bibliographical Data Type / Abbreviation Linked Data
1 1991-1992 Schwarcz, Vera. Between Russell and Confucius : China's Russell expert, Zhang Shenfu (Chang Sung-nian). In : Russell : the journal of the Bertrand Russell Archives.
http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1350&context=russelljournal.
Publication / Russ8
  • Source: Liang, Shuming. Dui Luosu zhi bu man. In : Shuming sa hou wen lu. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1930). [My reservations about Bertand Russell]. [Geschrieben 1921].
    漱溟卅後文錄 (Russ232, Publication)
  • Source: [Russell, Bertrand]. Luosu zhe xue yi shu ji. Zhang Yuenian, Zhang Shenfu yi. (Beijing : Jiao yu ke xue chu ban she, 1989). (Zhong hua wen hua jiao yu cong shu).
    罗素哲学译述集
    [Enthält] :
    Gai ran yu gai lü. [Necessity and probability. Original-Titel nicht gefunden].
    Ke xue shi mi xin de me ? Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Is science superstitious ? In : Sceptical essays. (New York, N.Y. : W.W. Norton, 1928). 科學是迷信的麼 ?
    Meng yu shi shi. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Dreams and facts. In : The Athenaeum ; nos 18, 35 (1919). 梦与诗诗
    Min zhu yu ge ming. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Political ideals. (New York, N.Y. : The Century Co., 1917). 民主與 命論
    Ou zhou shi yi ge cheng gong zhe me ? Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Is Europe a success ? 歐洲是一個成功者麼 ?
    Shen me shi de ren ke xi ? Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Nice people. In : Harper’s monthly magazine ; no 163 (1931).什麼式的人可喜?
    Shen me shi xi yang wen ming ? Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. What is Western civilization ? In : Scientia ; vol. 46 (July 1929).In : Scientia ; vol. 46 (July 1929).
    什麼是西洋文明?
    Shen me shi wu zhi. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The ABC of relativity. (London : Kegan Paul, 1925). Chap. 14. What is matter ? 什麼是物質
    Wo men shi zai zhi dao shen me ne ? Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The limits of empiricism. In : Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society ; vol. 36 (1935-1936). 我們實在知道什麼呢
    Wo men suo neng zuo de. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The policy of the entente, 1904-1914. Chap. 5. (Manchester : The National Labour Press, 1916). 我們所能做的
    Xian dui lun yu zhe xue. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The ABC of relativity. (London : Kegan Paul, 1925). Chap. 15 : Philosophical consequences.相對論與哲學
    Yi wei de yi wei. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Meaning of meaning. In : Dial ; 81 (1926).意味的意味
    Ying wei zhu yi yu jia zhi. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Sceptical essays. (London : Allen & Unwin, 1928). Chap. VII : Behaviourism and values.意味的意味
    Yingguo dui Hua de chun ju. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The British folly in China. In : The Nation ; no 124 (1927).英國對華的蠢劇
    You er de xun yu. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The training of young children. In : Harper's monthly magazine ; no 155 (1927).幼兒的訓練
    Yu yan yu yi wei. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The analysis of mind. (London : Allen & Unwin, 1921). Chap. 10 : Words and meaning.語言與意味
    Zhe xue li de ke xue fa. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Scientific method in philosophy. (Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1914).哲學裏的科學法
    Zhe xue zhi jia zhi. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. The value of philosophy. In : Russell, Bertrand. The problems of philosophy. Chap. XV. (London : Oxford University Press, 1912).哲学值价値
    Zi ran yu ren. Übersetzung von Russell, Bertrand. Introduction : Russell, Bertrand. Icarus or the future of science. (London : Kegan Paul, 1924).
    科学的将来
    Wo dui Luosu de zan pei yu liao jie. [My admiration for and understanding of Russell]. [Geschrieben 1983]. 我對羅素的贊佩與了解 (Russ134, Publication)
  • Cited by: Asien-Orient-Institut Universität Zürich (AOI, Organisation)
  • Person: Russell, Bertrand
  • Person: Schwarcz, Vera