China and the West

Gründung des Institute for Chinese Studies an der University of Oxford.

Gründung des Lehrstuhls für Chinesisch am Oriental Institute in London.

James Gilmour reist durch die Mongolei bis Beijing und ist als Missionar tätig.

John Francis Davis ist Dozent für Chinesisch an der University of Oxford.

Edward Colborne Baber und Thomas Grosvenor reisen durch Yunnan nach Bahmo an die burmesische Grenze um den Mörder von Augustus Raymond Margary zu suchen.

Die erste Gruppe chinesischer Studenten der Fremdsprachenschule reist zur Ausbildung nach Deutschland.

William Speer reist in China und Japan und widmet sich von da an der Mission der beiden Länder.

Chester Holcombe verlässt die American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions und ist Sekretär der amerikanischen Gesandtschaft in Beijing.

George F. Seward ist Gesandter der amerikanischen Gesandtschaft in Beijing. Er ist Förderer der Einführung westlicher Technologien, wie der Telegraph und die erste Dempf-Einsenbahn von Shanghai nach Wusong. Er beginnen den Vertrag über eingeschränkte Immigration für Chinesen nach Amerika aufzusetzen.

Frederick William Baller ist als Missionar in Shanxi tätig.

John Newell Jordan ist Dolmetscher an verschiedenen Konsulaten in China.

Gustav Detring trifft Li Hongzhang in Yantai (Zhifu) und wird sein Berater.

Thomas Jackson ist Manager der Hong Kong Bank.

Samuel Beal erhält den Ehrendoktor of Civil Laws der University of Durham.

Antoine Brenier de Montmorand ist bevollmächtiger Gesandter der französischen Gesandtschaft in Beijing.

Arnold Vissière studiert Chinesisch an der Ecole des langues orientales vivantes.

Carlo Puini und Antelmo Severini geben Kurse über ostasiatische Sprachen am Istituto di studi superiori, Florenz.

Spencer, Herbert. The principles of sociology. Vol. 1-3. (London : Williams and Norgate, 1876-1896).
"On remembering how large a share the resulting ancestor-worship had in regulating life among the people who, in be Nile valley, first reached a high civilization - on remembering that the ancient Peruvians were subject to a rigid social system rooted in an ancestor worship so elaborate that the living might truly be called slaves of the dead - on remembering that in China too, there has been, and still continues, a kindred worship generating kindred restraints; we shall perceive, in the fear of the dead a social factor which is, at first, not less important, if indeed is not more important, than the fear of the living."

Philadelphia Centennial Exposition mit zwei chinesischen und japanischen Pavilions.

Harte, Bret. The latest Chinese outrage [ID D29477].
It was noon by the sun; we had finished our game,
And was passin' remarks goin' back to our claim;
Jones was countin' his chips, Smith relievin' his mind
Of ideas that a "straight" should beat "three of a kind,"
When Johnson of Elko came gallopin' down,
With a look on his face 'twixt a grin and a frown,
And he calls, "Drop your shovels and face right about,
For them Chinees from Murphy's are cleanin' us out--
With their ching-a-ring-chow
And their chic-colorow
They're bent upon making
No slouch of a row."
Then Jones--my own pardner--looks up with a sigh;
"It's your wash-bill," sez he, and I answers, "You lie!"
But afore he could draw or the others could arm,
Up tumbles the Bates boys, who heard the alarm.
And a yell from the hill-top and roar of a gong,
Mixed up with remarks like "Hi! yi! Chang-a-wong,"
And bombs, shells, and crackers, that crashed through the trees,
Revealed in their war-togs four hundred Chinees!
Four hundred Chinee;
We are eight, don't ye see!
That made a square fifty
To just one o' we.
They were dressed in their best, but I grieve that that same
Was largely made up of our own, to their shame;
And my pardner's best shirt and his trousers were hung
On a spear, and above him were tauntingly swung;
While that beggar, Chey Lee, like a conjurer sat
Pullin' out eggs and chickens from Johnson's best hat;
And Bates's game rooster was part of their "loot,"
And all of Smith's pigs were skyugled to boot;
But the climax was reached and I like to have died
When my demijohn, empty, came down the hillside,--
Down the hillside--
What once held the pride
Of Robertson County
Pitched down the hillside!
Then we axed for a parley. When out of the din
To the front comes a-rockin' that heathen, Ah Sin!
"You owe flowty dollee--me washee you camp,
You catchee my washee--me catchee no stamp;
One dollar hap dozen, me no catchee yet,
Now that flowty dollee--no hab?--how can get?
Me catchee you piggee--me sellee for cash,
It catchee me licee--you catchee no 'hash;'
Me belly good Sheliff--me lebbee when can,
Me allee same halp pin as Melican man!
But Melican man
He washee him pan
On BOTTOM side hillee
And catchee--how can?"
"Are we men?" says Joe Johnson, "and list to this jaw,
Without process of warrant or color of law?
Are we men or--a-chew!"--here be gasped in his speech,
For a stink-pot had fallen just out of his reach.
"Shall we stand here as idle, and let Asia pour
Her barbaric hordes on this civilized shore?
Has the White Man no country? Are we left in the lurch?
And likewise what's gone of the Established Church?
One man to four hundred is great odds, I own,
But this 'yer's a White Man--I plays it alone!"
And he sprang up the hillside--to stop him none dare--
Till a yell from the top told a "White Man was there!"
A White Man was there!
We prayed he might spare
Those misguided heathens
The few clothes they wear.
They fled, and he followed, but no matter where;
They fled to escape him,--the "White Man was there,"--
Till we missed first his voice on the pine-wooded slope,
And we knew for the heathen henceforth was no hope;
And the yells they grew fainter, when Petersen said,
"It simply was human to bury his dead."
And then, with slow tread,
We crept up, in dread,
But found nary mortal there,
Living or dead.
But there was his trail, and the way that they came,
And yonder, no doubt, he was bagging his game.
When Jones drops his pickaxe, and Thompson says "Shoo!"
And both of 'em points to a cage of bamboo
Hanging down from a tree, with a label that swung
Conspicuous, with letters in some foreign tongue,
Which, when freely translated, the same did appear
Was the Chinese for saying, "A White Man is here!"
And as we drew near,
In anger and fear,
Bound hand and foot, Johnson
Looked down with a leer!
In his mouth was an opium pipe--which was why
He leered at us so with a drunken-like eye!
They had shaved off his eyebrows, and tacked on a cue,
They had painted his face of a coppery hue,
And rigged him all up in a heathenish suit,
Then softly departed, each man with his "loot."
Yes, every galoot,
And Ah Sin, to boot,
Had left him there hanging
Like ripening fruit.
At a mass meeting held up at Murphy's next day
There were seventeen speakers and each had his say;
There were twelve resolutions that instantly passed,
And each resolution was worse than the last;
There were fourteen petitions, which, granting the same,
Will determine what Governor Murphy's shall name;
And the man from our district that goes up next year
Goes up on one issue--that's patent and clear:
"Can the work of a mean,
Degraded, unclean
Believer in Buddha
Be held as a lien?