China and the West

[Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat de]. Mengdesijiu fa yi. Yan Fu yi. [ID D2849].
Hou Hongxun über Yan Fu : Yan Fu believed that the secret behind the wealth and power of the various countries of the West was that they adopted a system of government and social organization in which 'the essence is freedom and the application is democracy'. He considered the British system of constitutional monarchy to be the most ideal political system. Montesquieu's idea of rule by law most certainly had a considerable influence on Yan Fu. Yan agreed with Montesquieu's view that the law is 'the principal thread of the system of putting the country in order'. Where there is law, the 'actions of all, from the top to the bottom, from the monarch and sovereign to the common people, will have restraints'. Yan Fu believed that only those that understood how to rule the country with law could be considered to 'know the essence of government'. In his opinion, if China were to adopt the Western methods of law and implement of new legal system, then the item of greatest priority would be to carry out the system of the separation of powers and checks and balances. He pointed out that the secret behind the fact that Britain's constitutional system could 'work for such a long time without failing' and maintain 'such peace and harmony between those above, the sovereign, and those beneath, the subjects' was that Britain adopted the theory of the separation of powers advocated by John Locke and Montesquieu. He proposed that the judiciary must be independent. He said, that the essence of despotism and an autocratic monarchy was that the sovereign was 'transcendent of the law, above the law, could arbirarily use the law as he wished or change it, and was not bound by the laws'.